1950
The Turing Test
Alan Turing proposes a test for machine intelligence in his landmark paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence." The question shifts from can machines compute to can machines think.
1956
The Dartmouth Conference
John McCarthy coins the term "Artificial Intelligence" at a summer workshop. The field is officially born, fueled by optimism that human-level AI is a decade away.
1997
Deep Blue Defeats Kasparov
IBM's Deep Blue defeats world chess champion Garry Kasparov. A symbolic turning point — machines demonstrate they can outperform the best human minds in a defined domain.
2012
The Deep Learning Revolution
AlexNet dominates the ImageNet competition, slashing error rates with deep neural networks. GPU-powered deep learning becomes the dominant paradigm, replacing decades of hand-crafted features.
2017
Attention Is All You Need
Google researchers publish the Transformer architecture. Self-attention mechanisms replace recurrence, enabling models to scale to previously unimaginable sizes and reshape every corner of AI.
2023 — Present
The Age of Large Language Models
GPT-4, Claude, Gemini, and Llama demonstrate reasoning, coding, and creative capabilities at scale. AI moves from research labs into every industry, device, and workflow on the planet.